How Far Do You Agree That Trotsky’s Leadership of the Red...

How far do you agree that Trotsky’s leadership of the Red Army was responsible for the survival of the Bolshevik government? (30 marks) There were many factors that contributed to the survival of the Bolshevik Government, ranging from Trotsky’s leadership of the Red Army to the failings of the Bolsheviks’ rivals for power. This essay shows that the main reason for the Bolsheviks’ continued survival through the period was not Trotsky’s great leadership of the Red Army, but the opposition’s mistakes and failings. This will be demonstrated by analysing the key factors leading to the survival of the Bolshevik Government: Trotsky’s leadership; Lenin’s leadership; The Bolsheviks’ geographical advantage; and finally the Bolsheviks’ enemies’†¦show more content†¦Much of the strategy employed by Trotsky and his generals was designed to weaken the enemies transport system so that they could not effectively organise and coordinate troop movements. Therefore many battles took place near sections of train track and stations, which crippled many enemy a ttacks and allowed the Bolsheviks to crush each attack and then move on, rather than fighting on several fronts. This great strategy employed by Trotsky helped the Bolshevik Government survive, and without Trotsky and his control of the Red Army, the Bolshevik Government would most likely not have survived. A further factor that contributed to the survival of the Bolshevik Government was Lenin’s great leadership of the whole Bolshevik party. At first glance, it appears as though Lenin played only a small role during the Civil War because he remained in Moscow throughout, however, when looked at more closely it can be seen that Lenin was a key decision maker. Lenin forced through the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk when many opposed it; he did this because he had promised peace to the public and he needed their support to have any chance of winning the Civil War, and therefore helping the Bolshevik Government survive. Lenin also instigated the policy of War Communism, in which industry was

First Electric Toaster, Pop-Up Toast, and Sliced Bread

Toasting began as a method of prolonging the life of bread. It  was initially toasted over open fires with tools to hold it in place until it was properly browned. Toasting  was a very common activity in Roman times; tostum is the Latin word for scorching or burning. As the Romans traveled throughout Europe vanquishing their foes in early times, it’s said that they took their toasted bread right along with them. The British developed a fondness for the Romans toast and introduced it in the Americas when they crossed the ocean. The First Electric Toasters The first electric toaster was invented in 1893 by Alan MacMasters in Scotland. He called the device the â€Å"Eclipse Toaster,† and it was manufactured and marketed by the Crompton Company. This early toaster was reinvented in 1909 in the U.S. when Frank Shailor patented his idea for the â€Å"D-12† toaster. General Electric ran with the idea and introduced it for use in the home. Unfortunately, it only toasted one side of the bread at a time and it required that someone stand by to manually turn it off when the toast looked done. Westinghouse followed with its own version of a toaster in 1914, and the Copeman Electric Stove Company added an â€Å"automatic bread turner† to its toaster in 1915. Charles Strite invented the modern timed pop-up toaster in 1919. Today, the toaster is the most common household appliance although it’s only  been in existence in the U.S. a little over 100 years. An unusual online museum is dedicated to the toaster, with lots of photos and historical information. Otto Frederick Rohwedder and Sliced Bread Otto Frederick Rohwedder invented the bread slicer. He first began working on it in 1912 when he came up with the idea of a device that would hold the slices together with hat pins. This was not a resounding success. In 1928, he went on to design a machine that sliced and wrapped the bread to prevent it from going stale. The Chillicothe Baking Company of Chillicothe, Missouri started selling Kleen Maid Sliced Bread on July 7, 1928, possibly the first sliced bread sold commercially. Pre-sliced bread was further popularized by Wonder Bread in 1930, helping to spread the toasters popularity even further. The Sandwich Long before Rohwedder figured out how to efficiently slice bread and before Shailor patented the first American toaster, John Montagu, the 4th Earl of Sandwich, originated the name â€Å"sandwich† in the 18th century. Montagu was a British politician who served as secretary of state and first lord of the Admiralty. He presided at the Admiralty during the British defeats of the American Revolution, and he was notoriously unpopular for his charges of obscenity against John Wilkes.  He loved to eat beef between slices of bread. His  sandwich allowed the Earl to leave one hand free for card playing.  Hawaiis Sandwich Islands are rumored to have been named after him by Captain James Cook in 1778.

Cognitive Economics Behavioral Economics - 1115 Words

Behavioral economics has also consulted inter-temporal choice. Inter-temporal choice describes to how humans decide about what and how much to do at different times when decide at a time effect the facilities available at another time. Choice under risk or ambiguity relates the dual-system theory. Research suggests that people’s decisions can be affected by the â€Å"type and amount of information† they find. A behavioral equilibrium depends on people take from frequently acts their equilibrium strategies. Emotions, ethics, justice, well-being, and social preferences are quite significant meanings for behavioral economics. Behavioral economics values to those kind of definitions in contrast to homo-economicus. Cognitive and affective dimensions are in the field of behavioral economics. Trust, dishonesty, fairness, social norms, consistency, and commitment can be also added those meanings. Therefore, it can be said that behavioral economics make use of and relates to gam e theory, neurosciences, behavioral welfare economics, behavioral finance, and experimental economics etc. As they can be seen on the table six behavioral economics models will be mentioned in that paper. According to this, behavioral economics models are separated two different categories which are generalized utility functions and new methods of game-theoretic analysis. In addition, they also class in themselves three different types separately. After that their standard assumptions are showed at the end of theShow MoreRelatedThe Old Constant : Human Psychology963 Words   |  4 Pagesrationally. The concept of the homo economicus has a long-standing history in economics and is a relevant premise of efficient markets. 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Assessment on employee evaluation free essay sample

A thesis is a proposition a candidate has to defend orally before a Panel of Examinees. 2. Dry. Lorenz Charter provided the following criteria that can guide the student in choosing a research problem for his thesis: 2. 1 Novelty and Avoidance of Unnecessary Duplication. Duplication can be avoided if the researcher refers to the card catalogues in the library to find out what researches have already been done on the subject. 2. 2 Importance for the Field Represented. The result of the research work must be able to render since to society and to humanity. It must contribute to knowledge. For instance, the result for the research can be a basis for making decisions for the improvement of the institution or field represented. . 3 Interest, Intellectual Curiosity and Drive. Genuine interest should be one of the reasons for undertaking a study. One will find it difficult to pursue and complete a research undertaking if the subject does not interest him at all. We will write a custom essay sample on Assessment on employee evaluation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2. 4 Training and Personal Qualifications of the Researcher. The research paper generally reflects the training and background of the researcher.It shows whether or not he has a thorough knowledge of the subject he is working on. Therefore, the researcher should not attempt to work on a topic for which he has very little background/training. For instance, if he has had no experience in the propagation of plants, he should not use that subject for his research work. If he is a teacher, his work should be on education, if he is a business manager, his work should be on business administration and so forth. 2. 5 Availability of Data and Method.While preparing the proposal the researcher should first find out if the data that he needs for his research are available and if he could possible get permission to gather data for the study. If not, then he should try another topic. 2. 6 Sponsorship and Administrative Cooperation. If a researcher is interested in getting sponsorship for his work he should find out what topics sponsoring institutions are interested in. If the topic he chooses is acceptable to them then he can be sure that at least part of the expenses to be incurred by the study will be shouldered by the sponsor. . 7 Costs and Returns. While making the proposal the researcher should estimate how much he will spend for the undertaking and how much he is likely to gain if the work is successful. This should guide him in his decision. 2. 8 Hazards, Penalties, and Handicaps. The researcher should also consider whether there are hazards that he is likely to encounter in doing the research work. Like a news reporter or a newspaper editor he could possibly encounter hazards if the topic he chooses is controversial.