How Far Do You Agree That Trotsky’s Leadership of the Red...

How far do you agree that Trotsky’s leadership of the Red Army was responsible for the survival of the Bolshevik government? (30 marks) There were many factors that contributed to the survival of the Bolshevik Government, ranging from Trotsky’s leadership of the Red Army to the failings of the Bolsheviks’ rivals for power. This essay shows that the main reason for the Bolsheviks’ continued survival through the period was not Trotsky’s great leadership of the Red Army, but the opposition’s mistakes and failings. This will be demonstrated by analysing the key factors leading to the survival of the Bolshevik Government: Trotsky’s leadership; Lenin’s leadership; The Bolsheviks’ geographical advantage; and finally the Bolsheviks’ enemies’†¦show more content†¦Much of the strategy employed by Trotsky and his generals was designed to weaken the enemies transport system so that they could not effectively organise and coordinate troop movements. Therefore many battles took place near sections of train track and stations, which crippled many enemy a ttacks and allowed the Bolsheviks to crush each attack and then move on, rather than fighting on several fronts. This great strategy employed by Trotsky helped the Bolshevik Government survive, and without Trotsky and his control of the Red Army, the Bolshevik Government would most likely not have survived. A further factor that contributed to the survival of the Bolshevik Government was Lenin’s great leadership of the whole Bolshevik party. At first glance, it appears as though Lenin played only a small role during the Civil War because he remained in Moscow throughout, however, when looked at more closely it can be seen that Lenin was a key decision maker. Lenin forced through the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk when many opposed it; he did this because he had promised peace to the public and he needed their support to have any chance of winning the Civil War, and therefore helping the Bolshevik Government survive. Lenin also instigated the policy of War Communism, in which industry was

First Electric Toaster, Pop-Up Toast, and Sliced Bread

Toasting began as a method of prolonging the life of bread. It  was initially toasted over open fires with tools to hold it in place until it was properly browned. Toasting  was a very common activity in Roman times; tostum is the Latin word for scorching or burning. As the Romans traveled throughout Europe vanquishing their foes in early times, it’s said that they took their toasted bread right along with them. The British developed a fondness for the Romans toast and introduced it in the Americas when they crossed the ocean. The First Electric Toasters The first electric toaster was invented in 1893 by Alan MacMasters in Scotland. He called the device the â€Å"Eclipse Toaster,† and it was manufactured and marketed by the Crompton Company. This early toaster was reinvented in 1909 in the U.S. when Frank Shailor patented his idea for the â€Å"D-12† toaster. General Electric ran with the idea and introduced it for use in the home. Unfortunately, it only toasted one side of the bread at a time and it required that someone stand by to manually turn it off when the toast looked done. Westinghouse followed with its own version of a toaster in 1914, and the Copeman Electric Stove Company added an â€Å"automatic bread turner† to its toaster in 1915. Charles Strite invented the modern timed pop-up toaster in 1919. Today, the toaster is the most common household appliance although it’s only  been in existence in the U.S. a little over 100 years. An unusual online museum is dedicated to the toaster, with lots of photos and historical information. Otto Frederick Rohwedder and Sliced Bread Otto Frederick Rohwedder invented the bread slicer. He first began working on it in 1912 when he came up with the idea of a device that would hold the slices together with hat pins. This was not a resounding success. In 1928, he went on to design a machine that sliced and wrapped the bread to prevent it from going stale. The Chillicothe Baking Company of Chillicothe, Missouri started selling Kleen Maid Sliced Bread on July 7, 1928, possibly the first sliced bread sold commercially. Pre-sliced bread was further popularized by Wonder Bread in 1930, helping to spread the toasters popularity even further. The Sandwich Long before Rohwedder figured out how to efficiently slice bread and before Shailor patented the first American toaster, John Montagu, the 4th Earl of Sandwich, originated the name â€Å"sandwich† in the 18th century. Montagu was a British politician who served as secretary of state and first lord of the Admiralty. He presided at the Admiralty during the British defeats of the American Revolution, and he was notoriously unpopular for his charges of obscenity against John Wilkes.  He loved to eat beef between slices of bread. His  sandwich allowed the Earl to leave one hand free for card playing.  Hawaiis Sandwich Islands are rumored to have been named after him by Captain James Cook in 1778.

Cognitive Economics Behavioral Economics - 1115 Words

Behavioral economics has also consulted inter-temporal choice. Inter-temporal choice describes to how humans decide about what and how much to do at different times when decide at a time effect the facilities available at another time. Choice under risk or ambiguity relates the dual-system theory. Research suggests that people’s decisions can be affected by the â€Å"type and amount of information† they find. A behavioral equilibrium depends on people take from frequently acts their equilibrium strategies. Emotions, ethics, justice, well-being, and social preferences are quite significant meanings for behavioral economics. Behavioral economics values to those kind of definitions in contrast to homo-economicus. Cognitive and affective dimensions are in the field of behavioral economics. Trust, dishonesty, fairness, social norms, consistency, and commitment can be also added those meanings. Therefore, it can be said that behavioral economics make use of and relates to gam e theory, neurosciences, behavioral welfare economics, behavioral finance, and experimental economics etc. As they can be seen on the table six behavioral economics models will be mentioned in that paper. According to this, behavioral economics models are separated two different categories which are generalized utility functions and new methods of game-theoretic analysis. In addition, they also class in themselves three different types separately. After that their standard assumptions are showed at the end of theShow MoreRelatedThe Old Constant : Human Psychology963 Words   |  4 Pagesrationally. The concept of the homo economicus has a long-standing history in economics and is a relevant premise of efficient markets. 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They obviouslyRead MoreFraming From Experience : Cognitive Processes And Predictions Of Risky Choice Essay2163 Words   |  9 PagesPublished in the July 2016 issue of Cognitive Science, Gonzalez and Mehlhornâ€℠¢s article, â€Å"Framing from Experience: Cognitive Processes and Predictions of Risky Choice,† seeks to advance the work of renowned behavioral economists Tversky and Kahneman. Tversky and Kahneman, a seminal pairing in the fields of economics, cognitive science, and psychology, investigated biases in human decision making that led people to make sub-optimal choices. One of their principle theories, prospect theory, framed decision-making

Assessment on employee evaluation free essay sample

A thesis is a proposition a candidate has to defend orally before a Panel of Examinees. 2. Dry. Lorenz Charter provided the following criteria that can guide the student in choosing a research problem for his thesis: 2. 1 Novelty and Avoidance of Unnecessary Duplication. Duplication can be avoided if the researcher refers to the card catalogues in the library to find out what researches have already been done on the subject. 2. 2 Importance for the Field Represented. The result of the research work must be able to render since to society and to humanity. It must contribute to knowledge. For instance, the result for the research can be a basis for making decisions for the improvement of the institution or field represented. . 3 Interest, Intellectual Curiosity and Drive. Genuine interest should be one of the reasons for undertaking a study. One will find it difficult to pursue and complete a research undertaking if the subject does not interest him at all. We will write a custom essay sample on Assessment on employee evaluation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2. 4 Training and Personal Qualifications of the Researcher. The research paper generally reflects the training and background of the researcher.It shows whether or not he has a thorough knowledge of the subject he is working on. Therefore, the researcher should not attempt to work on a topic for which he has very little background/training. For instance, if he has had no experience in the propagation of plants, he should not use that subject for his research work. If he is a teacher, his work should be on education, if he is a business manager, his work should be on business administration and so forth. 2. 5 Availability of Data and Method.While preparing the proposal the researcher should first find out if the data that he needs for his research are available and if he could possible get permission to gather data for the study. If not, then he should try another topic. 2. 6 Sponsorship and Administrative Cooperation. If a researcher is interested in getting sponsorship for his work he should find out what topics sponsoring institutions are interested in. If the topic he chooses is acceptable to them then he can be sure that at least part of the expenses to be incurred by the study will be shouldered by the sponsor. . 7 Costs and Returns. While making the proposal the researcher should estimate how much he will spend for the undertaking and how much he is likely to gain if the work is successful. This should guide him in his decision. 2. 8 Hazards, Penalties, and Handicaps. The researcher should also consider whether there are hazards that he is likely to encounter in doing the research work. Like a news reporter or a newspaper editor he could possibly encounter hazards if the topic he chooses is controversial.

The Theory Of Self Reflection Essay Example For Students

The Theory Of Self Reflection Essay Introduction Self-reflection is cognitive processes which will helps and contribute to self-awareness. It makes you aware of your strengths and weakness. Consider the process of the knowledge of the Person of true science, practice and persuasions to develop professionalism. I believe that self-reflection is one of more influential ways one can develop. Although it may carry criticism with it, however, reflecting on you’re activity, thinking about the pros and cons, thinking about alternatives. can help broaden one’s thinking and add dimension to the thinking process. As Carl Sandburg puts it, â€Å"It is necessary . We will write a custom essay on The Theory Of Self Reflection specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now .. for a man to go away by himself .. . to sit on a rock and ask, Who am I, where have I been, and where am I going?† It is this exercise that allows humans to introspect and gives them the opportunity to learn about themselves and their nature. Having said that, I do not think it is that easy in real life. Gibbs (1998) says self-reflection has six cycles and they have to be carefully thought about to actually get results. They are, description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action plan. Description is the first stage where you have to explain what you are reflecting, i.e. some background information. Feelings are where you think about what you are feeling and why you are feeling. Evaluation is where you evaluate the situation, for example how you reacted to it. Then comes the analysis where you think about what might have helped the†¦

The Meanings and Origins of Common Greetings and Pleasantries

The Meanings and Origins of Common Greetings and Pleasantries The Meanings and Origins of Common Greetings and Pleasantries The Meanings and Origins of Common Greetings and Pleasantries By Mark Nichol Greetings and pleasantries, often uttered without sincerity or conviction as rote statements, are often also used without appreciation of their literal meanings. Here are the connotations and derivations of common comments. Adieu This French term, uttered by someone taking leave of others, is sometimes used by English speakers; it’s a contraction of â€Å"A dieu vous commant† (meaning â€Å"I commend you to God†). Adios The Spanish equivalent of â€Å"adieu† is also employed in English. Farewell This short version of â€Å"I hope you fare well† (fare here means â€Å"do†) was originally said as a parting comment to a person leaving the company of one or more other people; the departing person would traditionally respond â€Å"Good-bye.† Now, it is sometimes used in distinction with â€Å"Good-bye,† which has a connotation of finality, whereas â€Å"Farewell† implies that the parties will meet again. Good Day and Good Night These abbreviated versions of â€Å"I wish you a good day/night† are almost invariably said when a person parts company with one or more others. Good Morning, Good Afternoon, and Good Evening Unlike â€Å"Good day† and â€Å"Good night,† these expressions are usually uttered as greetings at the appropriate time of day or night, though they are sometimes said in parting. Good-bye This comment, given when one party or another departs, is a contraction of â€Å"God be with ye†; it’s often spelled goodbye. Greetings The root word of this outdated but occasionally employed comment, an abbreviation of â€Å"I give you greetings,† originally meant â€Å"to come in contact with.† Hello The greeting hello likely derives from the Old High German call hala (also hola), meaning â€Å"fetch,† which was originally used to hail the operator of a ferryboat and expanded as general usage for getting someone’s attention and then as a greeting. A great variety of spellings, probably as a result of various pronunciations, persisted well into the twentieth century. Hello became more popular toward the end of the 1800s as it prevailed as the dominant form of greeting when calling someone on a telephone. Holler (meaning â€Å"a shout†), and possibly hullabaloo (meaning â€Å"a commotion†), are related. Hi â€Å"Hi,† used as an informal alternative to â€Å"Hello,† is unrelated to that word, though it also derives from a word used to attract attention: hey. It originally was uttered as an exclamation of surprise. How Do You Do? This pleasantry, often responded to with an identical greeting but sometimes returned with something like, â€Å"I am well. And how are you?† is nearly obsolete but survives in the contraction â€Å"Howdy,† which is used without affectation in some regions of the United States, though some people use it as a self-conscious colloquialism. Thank You This pleasantry, short for â€Å"I thank you† but still considered formal, is often replaced by â€Å"Thanks,† which derives from a different comment, â€Å"I give you thanks.† The colloquial â€Å"Thanks a lot† is often uttered sarcastically, so it should be avoided in writing; the same is true of â€Å"Thanks a million.† An even more casual alternative is â€Å"Thanx.† (Thank, by the way, is cognate with think.) Welcome The two parts of this greeting are misleading in their apparent etymological origins: The first half does not have anything to do with well, and the second half is only tangentially related to come. The first part of the Old English word wilcuma means â€Å"will† and the second part means â€Å"guest,† not â€Å"come†; the sentiment is that it was a host’s will that a guest would arrive. You’re Welcome This response to â€Å"Thank you† and its variants, a slight contraction of â€Å"You are welcome,† literally means that one should feel entitled to whatever cordiality or service one has received from the person who gives the response. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Rhetorical Devices for Rational Writing50 Synonyms for "Assistant"5 Tips to Understand Hyphenated Words

Evolution and Extraterrestrial life Research Paper

Evolution and Extraterrestrial life - Research Paper Example The same has been explored and advocated by the supporting theorists of extraterrestrial notion. Evolution has always been a subject of great curiosity for naturalists, astronomers, physicists and social scientists since the known history of the world. The biologists, sociologists, psychologists, theologians, archaeologists and historians have presented dissimilar conceptions, theoretical frameworks and notions, controversial to one another, regarding the beginning of life and evolutionary process, on the basis of their religious and cultural beliefs on the one hand, and in the light of their observations, studies and researches on the other. Thus, hundreds of theories have been articulated and researches have been conducted in order to discover the origin of life in the universe. Theologians belonging to the Abrahamic faiths maintain similarity in respect of determining the origin of life, and narrate almost the same account i.e. ... from their Holy Scriptures in order to define the creation of the universe, they refute all theoretical frameworks contradictory to their belief system(s). Surprisingly, an overwhelming majority of the scientists, presenting contradictory evolution theories, belongs to these three faiths including Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The same is applied to the extraterrestrial life and evolution. The theorists rightly claim the certain possibility of the existence of life beyond this tiny planet of earth; the justification of their hypothesis is based upon the vastness of the infinite universe, where it is not possible that only one small planet consists of life out of such a vast and mighty universe. Hence, extraterrestrial life, according to the scientists, would also have experienced the similar evolutionary process as countless earthly species have observed. Renowned philosopher of ancient Greece Anaxagoras (488?--428 B.C.) articulated the Panspermia Theory in 5th century B.C., which suggests that there are certain signs of life in every part of the universe, and hence different creatures live in all celestial bodies in the form of similar spores. These spores or life seeds originate in space and then that life is seeded onto various planets. Scientists search for these spores in other heavenly bodies by examining meteors landing on Earth and by outer space missions. (alienabductionsexposed.com) Similarly, the ancient Greek materialist philosopher Democritus (460-370 B.C.) maintained that the world was composed of an infinite number of uncaused and eternal atoms moving randomly in a void. The spontaneous generation of life from water and slime was held to occur as a result of an accidental meeting of atoms of moist earth with atoms of fire. (Hoyle & Wickramasinghe,